A Rare Case of Anti-metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 1 (mGluR1) Antibody-Associated Autoimmune Encephalitis in a School Going Age Child Related to Nursing Experience

Abstract

Background: Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) encompasses a group of central nervous system inflammatory disorders mediated by autoimmune mechanisms, characterized by diverse clinical manifestations including psychiatric abnormalities, cognitive impairment, and motor deficits. Anti-metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) antibody-associated AE is a rare subtype, typically presenting with acute or subacute cerebellar ataxia. Clinical nursing management poses significant challenges, particularly in pediatric patients due to their limited expressive ability and low cooperation. Case Presentation: This study reports the case of a 6-year-old boy admitted with fever and headache, accompanied by gait instability, involuntary eye movements, and abnormal behaviors (e.g., licking the floor). The patient was diagnosed with anti-mGluR1 antibody-mediated autoimmune encephalitis via cranial MRI and cerebrospinal fluid antibody testing, with concurrent complications of acute bronchitis and mesenteric lymphadenitis. The patient underwent immunotherapy (immunoglobulin and glucocorticoids), antiepileptic treatment, and comprehensive nursing interventions, including safety protection, symptom management, rehabilitation training, and psychological support. Conclusion: Following systematic treatment and nursing care, the patient was discharged in stable condition. At the 15-month follow-up, the patient exhibited stable emotions, agile responses, and restored motor functions, having successfully returned to school. The long-term prognosis was favorable.