Gastrointestinal Parasite Contamination of Ready-to-Eat Vegetables Sold in Selected Markets in Ashanti Region, Ghana

Abstract

Introduction: Intestinal parasite infections pose a significant public health concern in many developing countries, including Ghana. Inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene practices contribute to the transmission of these parasites, with contaminated food being a common route of infection. This research article investigates the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasite infections in ready-to-eat vegetables sold in selected markets in Ashanti region, Ghana. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, and vegetable samples were collected from various vendors in the markets. The samples were examined for the presence of intestinal parasites using standard laboratory techniques. The findings of this study shed light on the potential risks associated with consuming contaminated vegetables and highlight the importance of food safety measures in reducing the burden of intestinal parasite infections in the region. Results: 22.7% (68/300) of the sampled vegetables were contaminated with intestinal parasites. The common intestinal parasites were Entamoeba histolytica (9.7%, 29/300), followed by both Ascaris lumbricoides and Giardia lamblia at 4.3% (13/300) and Ancylostoma duodenale at 3.0% (9/300). The prevalence of Enterobium vermicularis infections was 1.7% (5/300). However, Trichuris trichiura and Strongyloides stercoralis infections was 0.7% (2/300). The least common intestinal parasites were Isospora belli and Taenia sp.  (0.3%, 1/300). Entamoeba histolytica was the only parasite detected in all vegetable type while Ascaris lumbricoides was detected in all vegetable types except cucumber. Conclusion: our study highlights the need for heightened awareness, improved food safety practices, and tailored interventions to address the risks associated with the consumption of fresh vegetables.