Iron Deficiency Anemia among Women of Reproductive Age

Abstract

Background:  Iron deficiency anemia is a significant global public health concern that can lead to a decline in mental and physical performance and mortality among women of reproductive age. Objective: The goal of this literature review is to review and integrate information from the literature on the prevalence, etiology, consequences, and treatment options associated with iron deficiency anemia. Review: Prevalence of iron deficiency anemia is high among women of reproductive age especially in low-income countries such as African and Asian countries compared to high-income countries. This could be due to differences in topographical, dietary, and cultural factors. Additionally, iron deficiency can be caused by poor absorption of iron or decreased iron intake. Poor absorption can occur as a side effect of different medications, while decreased iron intake could be the result of a diet high in legumes but low in protein and fruits. Moreover, iron deficiency anemia can be caused by persistent diseases, infections, increased demand during pregnancy, and obesity. If left untreated, the consequences of iron deficiency anemia include low quality of life, poor mental and physical health, a decline in work performance, and increased comorbidities. The current mainstay of treatment for iron deficiency anemia includes oral iron administration, parenteral iron administration, and blood transfusion. Conclusion: Iron deficiency anemia is one of the most common health care issues among women of reproductive age. Different factors like blood loss, distant health care facilities, and poor diet can all influence the iron status in women of reproductive age. If left untreated, anemia can cause a variety of negative consequences, which can be avoided by implementing timely, cost-effective therapies.