Integrating ADDIE Needs Assessment with Kirkpatrick Evaluation: A Systematic Review

Abstract

This systematic literature review (SLR) explores the potential integration of the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) model with needs assessment to address gaps in the widely-used Kirkpatrick evaluation model. The Kirkpatrick model, while effective for evaluating training outcomes, lacks a comprehensive needs assessment component at its foundation (Reio, Rocco, & Chang, 2017). This review synthesizes research on the ADDIE model's application in instructional design, the role of needs assessment in educational planning, and the strengths and limitations of the Kirkpatrick model. We systematically searched major databases including Scopus, Web of Science, and ERIC, identifying 71 relevant studies published between 1989 and 2023 including studies adapted methodology with meta-analysis and synthesis. Our analysis reveals that incorporating a needs assessment phase from the ADDIE model into the Kirkpatrick framework could provide a more holistic approach to training design and evaluation. This integration has the potential to better align learning objectives with organizational goals, enhance the relevance of training content, and improve the overall effectiveness of educational interventions. The review also highlights challenges in implementing this integrated approach, such as increased time and resource requirements. Our findings suggest that combining elements of these models could lead to a more comprehensive framework for designing, implementing, and evaluating educational programs across various contexts. This study contributes to the ongoing dialogue on improving instructional design and evaluation methodologies, offering insights for educators, trainers, and researchers in the field of educational technology and professional development.