Integrated Wastewater Treatment and Pollution Monitoring System for Sustainable Water Management in Lagos, Nigeria

Abstract

The growing demand for clean water in Lagos, Nigeria, a megacity grappling with rapid urbanization and industrialization, underscores the urgent need for sustainable water management systems. This review examines the current state of wastewater treatment and pollution monitoring in Lagos, highlighting the challenges posed by population pressure, insufficient infrastructure, and inadequate regulatory frameworks. It evaluates both traditional and emerging wastewater treatment technologies, including membrane bioreactors, constructed wetlands, and decentralized systems, while also assessing the role of advanced pollution monitoring tools such as IoT  based sensors, remote sensing, and machine learning. The paper advocates for integrated systems that combine treatment and real time monitoring to enhance water quality and efficiency. Drawing on global case studies and best practices, it explores how Lagos can leverage partnerships, local innovations, and policy reforms to implement context specific solutions. The review concludes by identifying key challenges such as funding and public awareness, while also pointing out opportunities for innovation and stakeholder engagement. Overall, the study emphasizes the importance of integrated and sustainable approaches to securing water quality and access in urban African contexts.