Inhibitory Effects of Cucurbita maxima on α-Amylase Activity and Glycemic Control in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus remains a major global health challenge, necessitating the exploration of safer and more effective therapeutic agents. This study investigated the inhibitory effects of Cucurbita maxima on α-amylase activity and its impact on glycemic control in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Forty-five Wistar albino rats were grouped into nine experimental groups, including treated, control, and standard drug groups. Diabetes was induced using alloxan (150 mg/kg), and treatment lasted for 30 days using formulated pumpkin-based diets (pulp, peel, and combinations). Body weight, fasting blood glucose, and α-amylase activity were evaluated. Results showed a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in fasting blood glucose levels in Cucurbita maxima-treated groups compared to the untreated diabetic group. Treated animals also exhibited improved body weight relative to the negative control, suggesting amelioration of diabetes-induced weight loss. Furthermore, α-amylase activity was significantly modulated in treated groups, with values lower than the untreated diabetic group but comparable to the standard drug group, indicating enzyme inhibitory potential. These findings suggest that Cucurbita maxima possess antidiabetic properties, likely mediated through modulation of carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes such as α-amylase. The plant may serve as a promising natural alternative for managing postprandial hyperglycemia. Further studies focusing on isolation of active compounds and clinical trials are recommended to validate its efficacy and safety in humans.