Influence of Organic and Inorganic Amendments on Growth, Yield, and Nutrient Uptake in Black Gram (Vigna mungo) Cultivation

Abstract

This review systematically explores the impacts of organic and inorganic soil amendments on the growth, yield, and nutrient uptake of black gram (Vigna mungo), a significant legume crop in agrarian economies. The synthesis of findings from numerous studies reveals that organic amendments, including compost, manure, and biochar, significantly enhance soil fertility, improve water retention, and increase microbial activity, leading to improved plant growth and higher yields. Moreover, inorganic amendments, primarily synthetic fertilizers, offer immediate nutrient availability, which significantly boosts growth rates and crop yields in the short term. However, the benefits of inorganic amendments must be weighed against potential long-term soil degradation and environmental contamination. The review also explores the comparative effectiveness of these amendments, noting that combining organic and inorganic inputs can potentially optimize black gram cultivation by balancing immediate nutrient needs with long-term soil health. Furthermore, socioeconomic and environmental implications of amendment usage are discussed, emphasizing the necessity for sustainable practices that align with local agronomic conditions and economic constraints. The paper concludes with recommendations for integrating both types of amendments to maximize yield while sustaining soil health, alongside highlighting research gaps that need addressing to refine amendment practices in black gram cultivation