Influence of Nitrogen Application Rates and Plant Spacing on Nutrient Uptakes and Yield Curve of Basmati Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Abstract

Basmati rice is a high-end agricultural product because of its distinctive cooking qualities and exquisite aroma. Basmati rice, also referred to locally as "scented pearls," is native to the Indian subcontinent and has been grown there for more than 250 years. The “Influence of Nitrogen Application Rates and Plant Spacing on nutrient uptakes and yield curve of basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.)" in the Rabi season crop of 2023–2024 was the subject of a field experiment conducted at Rama University at Mandhana, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. Nitrogen levels (kg/ha)- N0: 0(kg/ha),  N1: 40(kg/ha),  N2: 60(kg/ha), N3: 80(kg/ha), N4: 100(kg/ha) and Plant geometry (cm)- G1-20 × 15, G2-15 × 15, G3-20 × 10, G4-15 × 10 were the five treatments with N levels and four treatment with plant geometry that were included in the experiment. Three replications of each treatment were carried out using a Randomised block design (Factorial) Replications. The rice crop was used in the experiment. The experimental soil had a pH between 7.2 and 7.8, medium levels of organic carbon, and medium levels of potassium, phosphorus, and nitrogen. greater nutrient uptake was found to be significantly greater in this pattern, and the results seemed to show that the five treatments with N levels and four treatment with plant geometry N4- 100 (kg/ha) had significant Nitrogen uptake (kg/ha), Nitrogen uptake in grain (kg/ha), Nitrogen uptake in straw (kg/ha), Total Nitrogen uptake (kg/ha), Phosphorus uptake (kg/ha), Phosphorus Uptake by Grain (kg/ha), Phosphorus Uptake by Straw (kg/ha), Total Phosphorus Uptake (kg/ha), Potassium uptake (kg/ha), Potassium Uptake by Grain (kg/ha), Potassium Uptake by Straw (kg/ha), Total Potassium Uptake (kg/ha), Yield Curve,  with the different nutrient levels. The farmer's methods produce the lowest grain yield, growth traits, and yield qualities. The decomposition of crop residues and the use of organic manure resulted in an improvement in soil quality at the five treatments with N levels and four treatments with plant geometry. With N4 100 (kg/ha and G3 treatments, the N levels have the highest net return and benefit cost ratio. These findings underscore the importance of balancing nitrogen application and planting density to optimise nutrient uptake and maximise rice yield, with 20 × 10 cm spacing and moderate-to-high nitrogen levels offering the best outcomes.