Optimization of Radiation Protection for Companions in Pediatric Chest Radiography

Abstract

Aims: The objective of this study is to optimize the positioning of the companion during pediatric chest radiographic exams by analyzing the scattered radiation dose measured with an ionization chamber. Place and Duration of Study: The experimental study was conducted between February 2024 and April 2024, in the radiodiagnosis laboratory belonging to the Medical Physics and Radiology Technology courses at the Franciscan University (UFN) in the city of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. Methodology: A fixed conventional X-ray device and a phantom (simulating object) filled with 15 cm of water to represent a pediatric chest were used. The parameters of voltage (kV) and the product of current and time (mA.s) were kept constant. Measurements of the air KERMA (KAIR) were performed by positioning the dosimetric system at four points around the phantom (0º, 90º, 180º, and 270º), simulating the exposure conditions of the companion. Results: The results showed that the lowest radiation dose received by the companion at the gonadal level occurred at 90º around the table (cathode side), while the lowest dose at the lens level was at 270º (anode side). The highest dose at the gonadal level was observed at 180º, and the highest dose at the lens level was at 90º. Conclusion: It was concluded that the companion should position themselves on the anode side (270º), as the lens does not have lead protection, while protection is available for the rest of the body. This recommendation aims to optimize radiological safety for the companion.