Impact of the Hospital Environment on Serum Cortisol Levels in Healthcare Professionals

Abstract

Aims: This study investigates cortisol levels in healthcare workers to understand the implications of excessive stress on professional performance and quality of work, as well as the possible physiological and health interferences of these professionals. Study Design: This is an observational, longitudinal, and analytical study with a quasi-experimental component. The relationship between the work environment and cortisol levels was assessed through questionnaires and blood sample collections conducted at two different time points. Three questionnaires were utilized: a sociodemographic questionnaire, a stress questionnaire, and a psychological assessment questionnaire for stress. Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted with professionals from a Hospital Assistance Association located in a municipality in western Santa Catarina, between September and October 2024. Methodology: Serum cortisol levels were analyzed and compared with the reference values established by the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabology. These results were correlated with responses to specific questionnaires designed to assess the participants’ psycho-emotional health conditions. Results: It was observed that over 15% of healthcare professionals exhibited elevated serum cortisol levels. Additionally, analysis of the administered questionnaires indicated that 19% of the respondents experienced high levels of stress, while 35% reported significant physiological reactions to stress. Conclusion: The data suggest that extensive working hours, exhaustion, and high turnover in hospital sectors contribute to the increased susceptibility of healthcare workers to emotional and physical stress.