Impact of Sowing Techniques and Nano Urea Application on Wheat Growth Dynamics, Yield Potential and Economic Viability: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plays a decisive role in ensuring global food security, making the optimization of its production crucial to satisfy the increasing demands of the population. This review explores the effects of various sowing techniques and the application of nano urea on the growth dynamics, yield potential, and economic aspects of wheat cultivation. It assesses modern sowing practices, including zero tillage, ridge planting, and raised bed planting, focusing on their influence on root development, resource efficiency, and overall crop performance in comparison to conventional methods. The use of nano urea, recognized as a sustainable advancement in plant nutrition, is examined for its effectiveness in nitrogen delivery, its potential to minimize environmental impacts, and its role in improving both grain yield and quality. Research indicates that the combination of innovative sowing techniques with nano urea can markedly affect physiological growth metrics, nutrient absorption, and yield characteristics. Furthermore, the economic viability of these approaches, encompassing reductions in input costs and increases in profitability, is analyzed. This comprehensive review offers critical insights for agronomists and policymakers dedicated to enhancing the sustainability and efficiency of wheat production in the face of climate challenges and resource limitations.