Impact of Nitrogen Variability on Yield Dynamics and Economics Viability of Transplanted and Direct Seeded Rice

Abstract

Efficient nitrogen (N) management plays a critical role in optimizing rice yield and ensuring economic sustainability. This study evaluates the impact of variable nitrogen levels on the yield dynamics and economic viability of transplanted rice (TPR) and direct seeded rice (DSR). Field experiments were conducted in research farm of ICAR-IARI, New Delhi in the year 2022 and 2023 in randomised complete block design with seven N treatments (0, 40, 80, 120, 160, 200 and 240 kg N/ha) applied in a split application method. Key yield components like grain and straw yields were recorded. Economic analysis included cost of cultivation, gross return, net return, and benefit-cost ratio (BCR). Results showed that nitrogen significantly influenced yield in both TPR and DSR systems, with optimal N levels identified as 160 kg N/ha for TPR and DSR. Beyond these levels, yields declined, highlighting the importance of precise N management. TPR recorded higher grain and straw yields but incurred greater production costs due to labor-intensive practices and higher water requirements. In contrast, DSR offered lower input costs and higher economic returns at comparable yield levels, achieving a maximum BCR as 2.00 at 120 kg N/ha. This study emphasizes the importance of tailoring N application rates to specific crop establishment methods to optimize yield and economic returns. The findings offer practical insights for sustainable rice production, reducing input costs while minimizing environmental N losses. Further research on real-time N management strategies for DSR is recommended to enhance its efficiency and adaptability.