Hydrogen Storage for Sustainable Energy System: Technological Challenges and Socio-economic Opportunities

Abstract

With increasing research on hydrogen storage for sustainable energy systems, numerous studies have explored the technological advancements and socio-economic opportunities of this critical field. This thesis examines the key themes and challenges in the literature on hydrogen storage for sustainable energy systems, providing insights into technological advancements and socio-economic opportunities while highlighting potential areas for future research. A systematic literature review was conducted on peer-reviewed articles published between 2020 and 2024 to capture the latest developments. A total of 38 studies were analysed, focusing on hydrogen storage's technological, environmental, and socio-economic dimensions. The findings are organized into four thematic clusters: (1) skills, capabilities, and technological advancements, emphasizing storage material optimization and infrastructure development; (2) hydrogen storage and energy performance, which address efficiency improvements and technical challenges; (3) policy, social, and cultural issues, exploring barriers such as public acceptance and regulatory frameworks; and (4) environmental and management issues, which assess the economic and lifecycle impacts of hydrogen storage technologies. Intersections among these themes are identified, such as the connection between safety advancements and public trust, as well as material innovations reducing costs and improving market adoption. Result suggest that further research is needed in areas such as large-scale practical applications of hydrogen storage, policy integration for developing countries, and the role of hydrogen storage in achieving carbon neutrality. The research found that Hydrogen storage systems study, has Limited real-world testing of theoretical models poses a challenge to practical implementation.