Comprehensive Analysis of Allergens Exposure and Symptoms Onset for Allergic Conjunctivitis: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Abstract

Aims: This retrospective cohort study aims to assess the demographic characteristics, symptom progression, and allergen triggers in allergic conjunctivitis to provide insights for improved clinical management and preventive strategies. Study Design:  Rretrospective Cohort Study. Place and Duration of Study: Bengaluru Allergy Center (BAC). Department of Allergy. March 2024 to May 2024. Methodology: Conducted at Bengaluru Allergy Center, the study involved 260 patients (169 patients were men, made up the majority; 91 patients were female) over six months. Data were analyzed for demographics, symptom severity, allergen exposure, and treatment outcomes. Statistical analysis, including Chi-square tests, evaluated the association between allergen types and symptom onset. Results: The prevalence was higher among males (65%) and adults aged 19–59 years (47%). Symptoms persisted throughout the year in 85.3% of cases, with a significant proportion experiencing both eye and nasal discomfort. Eye redness (84%) and itching (88.5%) were the most common symptoms. House dust mites were identified as the most significant allergen trigger, followed by pollens and insects, with a highly significant association between allergen type and symptom onset (p = 0.000073). Conclusion: The findings highlight the persistent nature of allergic conjunctivitis, with house dust mites as a major trigger. Targeted allergen-specific management, early diagnosis, and awareness campaigns are crucial for mitigating the impact of allergic conjunctivitis and improving patient outcomes.