Comparative Study of Hematological and Renal Profiles in Rats Fed Hibiscus sabdariffa (Zobo) Drink Sweetened with Natural Versus Artificial Sugars

Abstract

Hibiscus sabdariffa (commonly known as "zobo") is widely consumed for its antioxidant, antihypertensive, and nephroprotective effects. However, the impact of sweeteners—natural (honey) vs. artificial (aspartame)—on these benefits remains underexplored. This study assessed hematological and renal changes in rats administered zobo drink sweetened with honey or aspartame for eight weeks. Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats were randomized into four groups (n=6): Control (distilled water), Zobo-only, Zobo + Honey, and Zobo + Aspartame. Hematological indices, serum urea and creatinine levels, and renal histopathology were analyzed using standard methods. Rats in the Zobo + Aspartame group showed significant reductions in RBC (27%), hemoglobin (25%), hematocrit (23%) and increases in serum urea (58%) and creatinine (78%) compared to controls (p < 0.01). Histological examination revealed glomerular atrophy and tubular necrosis. Zobo + Honey preserved hematologic and renal profiles comparable to controls. These findings suggest artificial sweeteners may attenuate zobo's benefits, whereas honey preserves them.