Histological Response and Bone Neoformation of Bioceramic Cements in Rat Calvaria

Abstract

Aims: This study evaluated the level of inflammatory infiltrate, vasodilation, granulation tissue, and bone regeneration of two repair materials: White MTA (Angelus, Londrina, Brazil) and Bio-C Repair (Angelus, Londrina, Brazil) in rat calvaria. Study Design:  This is an in vivo study with a sample of adult Wistar rats, approximately three months old and weighing between 250 and 300 grams. Place and Duration of Study: The selected analysis periods were 7, 30, and 60 days, corresponding to the following divisions: Group 1 (7 days): 5 rats; Group 2 (30 days): 5 rats; Group 3 (60 days): 5 rats. Methodology: A total of 15 Wistar rats were divided into three groups (n=5) based on the euthanasia period (G7, G30, and G60 days). After sedation, two bone defects, approximately 1.5 mm in depth and 5 mm in diameter, were created in the calvaria of each animal. After euthanasia, the calvaria were removed, histologically prepared in 6 µm sections, and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H/E). The material was quantitatively analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), adopting a significance level of 5% (p < 0.05). Results: At 7 days, both materials showed an acute inflammatory response. After 30 days, there was a reduction in the inflammatory process in both bioceramics cements. At 60 days, both White MTA and Bio C Repair did not induce severe inflammation. During this period, Bio C Repair showed greater bone tissue formation, with inflammatory infiltrate levels at 60 days being equivalent between the two materials. Conclusion: Both bioceramics cements preserved the integrity of the bone tissue and stimulated bone neoformation.