Harnessing CRISPR for the Future: Innovations, Applications, and Challenges in Genome Editing

Abstract

The advent of genome editing has opened up hitherto unimaginable avenues for research into agriculture, treatment of hereditary disorders and other intricate biological processes, revolutionising the fields which are at core of human civilization. CRISPR-based technologies are leading the charge in this transformation due to their facile programmability and exceptional efficiency. The CRISPR system revolutionizes genome editing with unprecedented precision, efficiency, and flexibility. It allows targeted editing of specific DNA sequences, reducing off-target effects. This versatile tool is essential in fields like biotechnology, agriculture, and healthcare. CRISPR's design and implementation are less complex than ZFNs and TALENs, allowing faster and cheaper experimentation. Its potential uses include functional genomics research and agricultural development, transforming fields like environmental research, agriculture, and medicine. The CRISPR system's popularity is on the rise due to new versions and applications. Here in this comprehensive review, we take a look at where CRISPR techniques for gene editing are at the moment, both in terms of research and in general, and we point out the constraints they face as well as the technical advances that have come up to overcome them. In addition, we take a look at the present state of gene editing approaches and summarise them as they pertain to human food security and health aspect. Lastly, we discuss some upcoming changes that may affect gene editing technology and its uses in the years to come.