Haematologic and Haemostatic Alterations in HBsAg-Positive Pregnant Women in Edo State, Nigeria

Abstract

Introduction: Pregnancy-related hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection increases the likelihood of vertical transmission and causes maternal morbidity, making it a serious public health concern. Haematological and haemostatic problems associated with HBV infection are made worse by physiological changes that occur during pregnancy. Aim/Objective: This study aimed to assess the alterations in full blood count (FBC) and selected haemostatic parameters in pregnant women with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) infection attending antenatal care in Edo State, Nigeria. Methods: 180 pregnant women (150 HBsAg positive and 30 controls) participated in a cross-sectional analytical study. Automated hematology analyzers were used to calculate FBC, measure hemostatic parameters such as fibrinogen, D-dimer, PT, and APTT, and confirm HBsAg status using ELISA. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: HBsAg positive pregnant women had significantly reduced red blood cell counts, haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit, and platelet counts compared to controls (p < 0.05). They showed prolonged PT and APTT, with elevated fibrinogen and D-dimer levels (p < 0.05), indicating coagulopathy alongside anemia and thrombocytopenia. White blood cell counts were elevated with neutrophilia and lymphopenia. These hematological and haemostatic derangements correlated with HBsAg positivity and may increase maternal and fetal risks. Conclusion: Pregnancy-related hematologic and hemostatic problems brought on by HBV infection make frequent screening, immunization, and prophylactic treatment essential in Edo State prenatal care.