Revolutionizing Animal Health: The Role of Nanoparticles in Veterinary Medicine

Abstract

Nanoparticles (NPs) have opened new doors in veterinary disease detection, therapy, and prevention. These particles have many functions due to their designed, inadvertent, and natural origins. NPs including quantum dots, iron oxide, gold, silver, dendrimers, liposomes, carbon-based, and polymeric NPs have unique functions and are better for biomedical applications. Characterization procedures include SEM, TEM, AFM, and Zeta Potential studies help understands NP characteristics. Veterinary medicine uses NPs in several ways. They aid disease diagnosis, including neurological disorders and mastitis prevention. Silver and copper NPs are effective against Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli. Nanoparticles also boost immune responses and target infections, including zoonotic diseases, improving vaccine development. Neospora caninum uses neo glycolipid-coated liposomes to induce neosporosis and high cellular and humoral immunity. Besides treatments, NPs improve the health status of animals by increasing reproductive, immunity, and growth performance.  Pet care products and breeding methods use them for long-term gamete preservation, fertility control, and reproductive health assessment. Exploring transdisciplinary uses, standardizing characterization, and lowering toxicity are the future of veterinary nanomedicine. To employ NPs in veterinary medicine, standard methods and complete preclinical evaluations are needed.