Design and Simulation of a Captive Grid-Tied Solar PV System for Daytime Peak Load Management: A Case Study of Maasai Mara University

Abstract

Aims: To develop an optimal electricity consumption profile for Maasai Mara University based on 90 days actual consumption data. To design and simulate captive grid interactive solar photovoltaic system for Maasai Mara University based on the first objective. Study Design: The system was designed and simulated using PV*Sol software to determine monthly energy production. Place and Duration of Study: A captive grid-tied solar PV system for the rooftop of the kitchen square at Maasai Mara University, for the daytime peak load that occurs usually between 10:00 AM and 2:00 PM. Methodology: Maasai Mara University consumption load data was collected using a data logging system by the use of a special meter, acuvim ii meter. Initial system sizing was performed using the PV Sizing Agent tool.  A 141-KW panel system was sized. A detailed 3D model was designed utilizing 203 Jinko JKM629N-66HL-5-BDV photovoltaic panels, each with a rated power of 695W Silicon Monocrystalline panels and a total of 14 SMA inverters were strategically chosen, with different models selected to match the specific characteristics of each PV array. Results: Analysis of the university’s energy consumption profile revealed a Peak Load Value, 102KW peak demand. The simulated PV system is projected to generate 249,576.20 kWh of electricity in a year, of this 78.1% is directly consumed on-site, fulfilling 50.07% of the university's appliance load, demonstrating the potential for significant peak load reduction within institutional settings. Conclusion: A financial analysis of the designed system was done, the financial analysis obtained a net present value of Ksh.8.058988704×107 for the solar PV system with an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 26.735% and a payback period of 4 years. This study highlights the feasibility of cost-effective, sustainable solar energy solutions for universities.