Growth Performance and Economic Returns of Schumannianthus dichotoma (Murta/Patibet) across Elevation Gradients in the Hilly Areas of Chattogram, Bangladesh

Abstract

Schumannianthus dichotoma (Roxb.) Gagnep., locally known as murta or patibet and also referred to by its synonym Clinogyne dichotoma, is a perennial mat-producing shrub traditionally cultivated in wetland and hilly regions of Bangladesh. Its cultivation has gained renewed interest for its potential contribution to climate-smart agriculture (CSA) through soil stabilisation, livelihood diversification, and ecological adaptability in fragile hill environments. This study aimed to evaluate the yield performance and economic returns of S. dichotoma cultivated across varying topographic elevations in the hilly Jhiri valleys of Bandarban, Bangladesh, and to assess its suitability as a climate-smart crop for sustainable hill farming systems. Approximately 500 rhizomes were planted in a 1700 sq. ft. experimental area divided into upper, middle, and lower elevation plots. Growth performance and yield-related data were collected annually from 2017 to 2021. Plant height and income generation were compared across elevation gradients to identify spatial variation and productivity trends. Variation in plant growth and income was observed across elevations. The lower plot exhibited comparatively better growth performance, characterised by taller plants and higher yield, which was attributed to enhanced soil moisture retention. Average annual incomes were BDT 558, BDT 1063, and BDT 1497 for the upper, middle, and lower plots, respectively, demonstrating an elevation-related yield pattern. Schumannianthus dichotoma showed its best observed performance under moist lower-slope conditions and exhibited adaptability to the hill tract environment. The crop’s low-input requirements, combined with its ecological benefits, support further evaluation of its inclusion in diversified hill farming systems. The findings indicate the potential of S. dichotoma as a climate-smart, resource-efficient alternative to conventional upland crops. Long-term studies integrating climatic parameters, hydrological monitoring, and soil health assessments are recommended to validate its contribution to resilience and sustainability in hilly agroecosystems.