Green Energy Concept for Uttarakhand: A Review

Abstract

Biogas technology, which utilizes the anaerobic digestion of organic matter to produce methane and carbon dioxide, has gained traction as a sustainable solution for energy needs, waste management, and environmental protection. This review explores the feasibility, implementation, and benefits of biogas technology in hilly regions, where unique geographical and climatic conditions present both opportunities and challenges. The paper discusses types of feedstock, biogas plant designs, socio-economic impacts, and policy frameworks pertinent to hilly areas, supplemented by case studies from various regions worldwide. Through a comprehensive analysis, this review aims to provide insights into the potential of biogas technology to contribute to sustainable development in hilly terrains. Biogas, in its raw form, that is without any purification can be used as clean cooking fuel like LPG, lighting, motive power and generation of electricity. It can be used in diesel engines to substitute diesel up to 80% and up to 100% replacement of diesel by using 100% Biogas Engines. Further, Biogas can be purified and upgraded up to 98% purity of methane content to make it suitable to be used as a green and clean fuel for transportation or filling in cylinders at high pressure of 250 bar or so and called as Compressed Bio-Gas (CBG).