Glandular Odontogenic Cyst of the Anterior Maxilla: A Rare Entity in an Unusual Location

Abstract

Glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is an uncommon developmental odontogenic cyst characterised by histopathological features that frequently overlap with those of other odontogenic and non-odontogenic lesions, thereby complicating diagnosis. The lesion exhibits morphological similarities to lateral periodontal cysts, botryoid odontogenic cysts, radicular cysts exhibiting mucous metaplasia, and low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma, making precise diagnostic differentiation particularly challenging. This study report the case of a 60-year-old female presenting with pain and swelling in the anterior maxilla, an uncommon site for GOC. Radiographic evaluation revealed a well-defined unilocular radiolucency with cortical expansion and root displacement. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis, demonstrating pseudostratified columnar cells with cilia, goblet cells, mucous cells, and intraepithelial microcystic spaces. Complete enucleation of the lesion with extraction of the involved teeth was performed, and no recurrence was observed during the one-year follow-up. This case highlights the importance of correlating clinical, radiographic, and histopathological findings to achieve diagnostic precision. Given the aggressive nature and recurrence potential of GOC, meticulous surgical management and long-term follow-up are essential. Documentation of rare maxillary presentations expands the existing knowledge base, aids in refining diagnostic criteria, and supports evidence-based treatment planning for this challenging entity.