Optimization of Cement Mortar with Mineral Admixtures for Enhanced Early Strength and Microstructural Performance

Abstract

Enhancing the early strength of cement mortar is essential for modern construction applications. This study investigates the effect of mineral admixtures on the rheological and mechanical properties of cement mortar by varying admixture dosages (0-2.5 wt% by cement weight). Setting time, compressive strength, water absorption, and microstructural characteristics were analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), TG/DSC, and zeta potential measurements. The results indicate that mineral admixtures accelerate hydration, reducing setting time and promoting calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) formation. The compressive strength increased significantly at early curing ages (3 and 7 days) and continued to improve at 28 days, with 2 wt% identified as the optimal dosage for balancing both strength and workability. Microstructural analysis confirmed a denser, less porous matrix at this dosage, enhancing durability and reducing water absorption. Zeta potential measurements further demonstrated improved colloidal stability, minimizing particle agglomeration. These findings provide a framework for optimizing cement mortar formulations, contributing to more efficient and sustainable construction materials. These optimized formulations present significant implications for the modern construction industry by enabling faster project completion times and enhancing the durability of precast components, thereby promoting more resilient and sustainable infrastructure development.