Geospatial Assessment of Soil Fertility Status and Management Strategies in Tribal Blocks of Bharuch District, Gujarat, India

Abstract

Soil fertility is a key determinant of crop productivity, particularly in tribal regions where resource limitations constrain sustainable agriculture. This study, conducted by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Bharuch assessed the fertility status of surface (0–22.5 cm) and sub-surface (22.5–45 cm) soils in Jhagadia, Netrang and Valia blocks of Bharuch district using 217 geo-referenced soil samples and geospatial techniques. Soil pH ranged from 5.5 to 8.68, with Netrang soils being slightly acidic (54% of the total geographical area), while Jhagadia and Valia soils were predominantly slightly alkaline (72% and 46%, respectively). Soil organic carbon was low over 104,968 ha (mean 0.43% in surface soils), whereas available nitrogen was moderate in 88% of the study area (mean 311 kg ha⁻¹). Available phosphorus and potassium were high in 61% and 77% of the area, respectively. Micronutrient analysis revealed widespread deficiencies of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), affecting 67% (83,917 ha) and 62% (78,133 ha) of the area, respectively, while manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu) levels were generally adequate. Thematic soil fertility maps highlighted spatial variability, enabling precise identification of nutrient-deficient zones. Site-specific remedial measures—including organic amendments, biofertilizers, lime/gypsum application, green manuring and legume-based crop rotations—are recommended to improve soil health, enhance crop productivity and promote sustainable agriculture in these tribal blocks.