Genetic Variability, Character Association and Genetic Diversity Analysis in Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) Genotypes

Abstract

Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) is a key vegetable in India, yet productivity is below potential, necessitating a better understanding of genetic variability and trait interrelationships for effective selection. During Kharif, 2023 at CSK HPKV, Palampur, 11 genotypes were evaluated using a randomized block design, recording 10 horticultural traits. ANOVA revealed significant differences among all traits studied, confirming the presence of sufficient genetic variability. The narrow range between the PCV and GCV values indicates a limited influence of environmental factors. High heritability coupled with high genetic gain was observed for the majority of traits that displayed additive gene action, indicating that direct selection of genotypes would be effective. The genotypes such as Utkal Anushree followed by Utkal Tarini, Konkan Prabha, Arka Nidhi, Arka Neelkanth, and Surya showed higher fruit yield per plant when compared against standard check variety, Hisar Shyamal. Fruit yield per plant showed a strong positive correlation with fruits per plant and a moderate correlation with harvest duration. Divergence analysis grouped genotypes into four distinct clusters; Utkal Anushree and Konkan Prabha were notably divergent, supporting their use in hybridization with Hisar Shyamal and/or Arka Neelkanth to generate superior recombinants. PCA emphasized fruit yield per plant and fruit number as major contributors to variation, reinforcing their value in brinjal improvement. These findings highlight the potential of exploiting this diversity in breeding. Hybridization programs involving genetically distant genotypes such as Utkal Anushree, Konkan Prabha, Hisar Shyamal, and Arka Neelkanth are recommended to develop high-yielding brinjal varieties adapted to the region.