Genetic Diversity Analysis in Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Genotypes under Late Sown Condition Using PCA and Cluster Analysis

Abstract

Determination of genetic diversity is useful for plant breeding and hence production of more efficient plant species under different conditions. Accordingly, the most common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) 16 genotypes were cultivated in North eastern plain zone regions of Uttar Pradesh were grown and analyzed for genetic diversity.  A field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of the Centre for Research and Development, Gaunar, Deen Dayal Upadhyay, from December 18, 2024, to April 23, 2025, to assess genetic variability, heritability, and Diversity. The study involved 16 genotypes including two check, laid out in a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. The 16 genotypes were grouped into three clusters, with Cluster III having the maximum number of genotypes, followed by Cluster II and Cluster I. These clusters have maximum divergence in genotypes, making them suitable for hybridization programs. Cluster II and Cluster III have largest inter cluster distance. The performance of genotypes PBW-752, 10th HPYT-414, and to a lesser extent 12th HPYT-586, highlights their potential as superior lines for yield improvement under late-sown conditions.