Exploring Factors that Restrain Listening Skill Improvement among English Learners: A Systematic Analysis

Abstract

Aims: To identify and analyze the factors that hinder the development of listening skills among English learners by conducting a systematic review of qualitative studies published between 2019 and 2024. Study Design: It employed a qualitative meta-synthesis design, analyzing 30 peer-reviewed studies selected through a rigorous inclusion and exclusion process based on their relevance to the topic. Place and Duration of Study: The study was not confined to a specific location, and the review covered studies within a five-year period. Methodology: The methodology involved thematically analyzing the selected studies to identify recurring patterns and challenges in listening skill acquisition. Results: The findings revealed five primary themes: internal challenges, external barriers, pedagogical and instructional issues, sociocultural and contextual factors, and learner autonomy and motivation. These results demonstrate the complicated relationship among individual, environmental, and systemic factors that impede listening proficiency. Conclusion: The study highlights the need for targeted interventions and strategic pedagogical approaches to effectively address these challenges and enhance learners’ overall language competence.