Metabolic Syndrome and Kidney Damage: Prevalence and Assessment of Risk among Apparently Healthy Resident of Ado Ekiti, South West Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Individuals with metabolic syndrome are at increased risk of developing chronic kidney disease. Objective: There is limited information on the relationship between metabolic syndrome and CKD among Nigerian population. Data from few available studies are contradictory. In this study, we set out to determine the prevalence of CKD and associated metabolic risk factors among selected apparently healthy resident of Ado Ekiti, Nigeria. Methods: Data for this study were collected during the year 2016 edition of an annual religious outreach program at Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. A total of 336 adult males and females participated in the study. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Glomerular filtration rate was estimated using the abbreviated Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula. CKD was defined as eGFR ≤ 30–59 ml/min/1.73 m2   and /or ≥2+ dipstick proteinuria. Results: The mean age of the participants was 51.71 ± 10.44 years. The overall prevalence of chronic kidney disease and metabolic syndrome was 7.4% and 24.7% respectively. In multivariate models, elevated blood pressure OR 3.217 (95% CI 1.144-9.051, P = 0.026) and elevated Triglyceride level OR 3.292 (95% CI 1.245-8.701, P=0.016) were significantly association with an increased odds of chronic kidney disease. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of CKD among persons with (15.7%) and without (4.7%) metabolic syndrome (P= 0.001). Logistic regression showed that metabolic syndrome is associated with risk of CKD, OR 2.969 CI 1.589-5.545. Conclusion: This study showed that metabolic syndrome was associated with chronic kidney disease