Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of Leaves and Pulp Extracts from Ziziphus mauritiana (Lam.) Collected in Mali

Abstract

Introduction: The objectives of this work consisted of a phytochemical study of the leaves and pulp of Ziziphus mauritiana Lam collected from the flooded and dried sites of Niono and Sévaré in Mali and to evaluate the biological activities of the extracts, i.e. the antiradical activity and hemolytic activity. Methods: Phytochemical analysis and biological activities were performed at the plant biochemistry and biotechnology laboratory of the FST / USTTB. The tannins and flavonoids were extracted by maceration, dosed by spectrophotometry then analyzed by HPLC and their antiradical activity was evaluated by the DPPH method. The saponosides were extracted by decoction and their hemolytic activity was evaluated on beef blood. Results: Tannins and flavonoids were abundant in the leaves and the pulp but saponosides were absent in the pulp. Calcium ions, carbonate ions and chloride ions were abundant in the leaves and pulp of Zizyphus mauritiana Lam from the dried site of Niono and the flooded site of Sévaré. HPLC chromatograms showed two peaks of gallic acid in the tannins extracts. Catechical tannins and flavonoids of the flooded sites have a greater antiradical activity than those of the dried sites. However, their antiradical activity remains lower than that of ascorbic acid whose IC50 was measured at 30 μg. Leaf saponosides from the flooded site of Niono and the dried site of Sévaré showed hemolytic activity on red blood cells of beef. Conclusion: The leaves and pulps of Zizyphus mauritiana Lam were rich in phenolic compounds and have interesting antiradical activity. The saponosides extracted from the leaves showed hemolytic activity.