The International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes: Are Implementers in Southern Nigeria Adequately Informed?

Abstract

Background: The knowledge about the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes and relevant subsequent World Health Assembly (WHA) Resolutions (the Code), its implementation and enforcement are essential in promoting, protecting and supporting breastfeeding, especially exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life and optimal infant and young child feeding. Violations by various stakeholders remain a perennial problem within and outside Nigeria with the main reason being lack of information of the Code and its relevance to child survival, growth and development. Aims: To share the findings from data collected during the sensitization of stakeholders on the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes in four States in the UNICEF Rivers Field Office, southern Nigeria. Study Design: Prospective study. Place and Duration of Study: September-October 2017, Southern, Nigeria. Methodology: Stakeholders from 4 southern States in Nigeria attended the sensitization meetings. A pre- and post-tests were administered to assess the knowledge they acquired from the workshops. Results were analysed using percentages and test of significance.  Results: The two-day meeting for each State held in September and October 2017 for a total of 296 participants out of whom data on 237 (80%) participants were analysed for presentation. Over 95% respondents had not read the Code and the Nigerian Regulations 2005, did not know the contents and their responsibility towards its implementation before the meeting. At the post test, the performance of the participants significantly improved (p<0.05) on all test items. All participants now owned the Code, the Nigerian Regulations and other relevant documents to sustain their knowledge and commitment to the implementation of the Code. Conclusion: Ignorance and lack of ownership of copies of the Code contributed to the level of its violations and poor implementation. Improved compliance with the Code requires creation of awareness about it among stakeholders.