Optimizing Sowing Depth and Seed Rate for Enhanced Growth and Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.): A Review

Abstract

The present study explores the influences of Sowing Depth and Seed Rate on Growth and Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). In India, chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.) are an essential pulse crop that greatly enhances soil fertility, food security, and sustainable agriculture. Key agronomic elements including seed rate and planting depth impact germination, seedling vigor, root growth, biomass production, and yield, among other aspects of the crop's performance. While deep sowing (>8 cm) needs more energy for emergence, resulting in delayed development and decreased productivity, shallow sowing (2–4 cm) encourages early emergence but may cause inadequate root anchoring and moisture stress. According to research, a seed rate of 80–100 kg/ha maintains optimal plant density and resource usage, resulting in higher yields and decreased susceptibility to pests, while a sowing depth of 5–7 cm improves root penetration and germination. This study highlights region-specific agronomic techniques to increase productivity and resilience against climate variability by combining research on the relationship between sowing depth and seed rate in chickpea production throughout India. It emphasizes the significance of precision farming methods and advocates for additional studies on how these factors affect crop performance across various agro-climatic zones. Precision agronomy practices, such as adjusting seed rates and sowing depths according to local conditions, are key to enhancing chickpea productivity and ensuring sustainable agricultural practices.