Assessment of Mosquito Larval Breeding Sites in Open Habitats within the University of Abuja Main Campus

Abstract

Introduction: An investigation of mosquito larval breeding habitats was carried out on the main campus of the University of Abuja, located in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Nigeria, during the rainy season in August 2019. This study was designed to evaluate the occurrence and distribution of mosquito larval breeding sites in open habitats within the University of Abuja main campus. Methods: Mosquito larvae were sampled from different aquatic environments such as ground pools, drainage gutters, stagnant water bodies, and discarded containers using a dropper. Sampling was conducted during the wet season in August 2019. A total of 133 larvae were collected and taxonomically identified, comprising three genera and five mosquito species. Data analysis was performed using the chi-square test and Simpson’s Index of Diversity (ED). Results: The identified species included Aedes aegypti (15.0%), Culex quinquefasciatus (24.0%), Culex pipiens (3.0%), Anopheles gambiae (36.8%), Anopheles spp. (8.3%), and Aedes albopictus (12.8%). Statistical analysis showed no significant variation (p > 0.05) in mosquito species distribution among the different larval habitats. The results demonstrate the wide range of ecological conditions supporting mosquito breeding within the study area and emphasize the relevance of larval habitat assessment for vector control planning. Conclusion: A comprehensive understanding of mosquito larval distribution and habitat preference is crucial for the development of effective environmental control strategies against mosquito-borne diseases. Regular application of WHO-approved insecticides to identified breeding sites and nearby residential areas is recommended. In addition, proper environmental sanitation, public health education, improved drainage systems, and good hygiene practices within the university community are strongly advised to reduce mosquito breeding and interrupt disease transmission.