From Waste to Best: Biotechnological Approaches for Sustainable Developments

Abstract

An essential element required for the existence of man and other biotic species is the environment. The survival and well-being of all its constituent parts are measured by the physical environment's degree of sustainability. Furthermore, using any recognized way to dispose of poisonous or harmful compounds is insufficient. Increasing demand of human population results in utilization of many chemical based products like pesticides and synthetic fertilizers. But, these processes harm ecosystem and environment with increasing toxicity and pollutant. Excess mining with acids to recover metals also cause pH imbalance and change of natural microbial community. Waste is generated from routine life which comprising food wastes, animal wastes or agricultural wastes. These waste material contain cellulose, lignin and starch components. Waste material can be decomposed by microorganisms for their own growth. Microorganisms can synthesize different type of bioplastics by decomposing waste material. They can also fix nutrition in soil and can be used as a biofertilizers. Antagonistic nature of microbes can be used as a pesticide to kill pests in agricultural sector. Besides these enormous benefits of microbes, they can even recover metals from raw ore. Biobased products can even be degraded easily without any posing any toxicity. The greatest way to manage the environment is to recycle all of its constituent parts, or wastes, making them usable and assisting the biotic and abiotic relationships in maintaining the aesthetically pleasing and physiologically sound balance that distinguishes an ideal environment. Thus, this review comprises screening of utilization of microbes to produce bio based products from waste material to sustain the environment from chemical based products. Cooperation between nations and organizations is essential for knowledge exchange and for giving developing countries financial and technical support.