Evaluation of In-vitro Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Fungal, Thrombolytic, Membrane Stabilizing and Cytotoxic Properties of (Camellia chrysantha Hu Tuyama)

Abstract

The current study was set out to look into the anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, cytotoxic, thrombolytic and membrane stabilizing activities of the methanolic extract from the leaf of Camellia chrysantha (Hu) Tuyama (MECCL). Primary evaluation of MECCL was performed via phytochemical screening.  Phytochemical analysis of the leaf extract revealed the presence of reducing sugar, flavonoids, alkaloids, and steroids. Anti-inflammatory activity test was done using egg albumin denaturation assay. In the result of MECCL’s anti-inflammatory test showed 88.88% compared to the standard acetyl salicylic acid 98.56%. The anti-fungal activity test was performed by Disc Diffusion method using zone of inhibition against four fungi. MECCL showed moderate antifungal activity compared to standard Griseofulvin against Aspergillus niger, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast), Penicillium notatum. Zones of inhibition of the fungi Aspergillus niger, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast), Penicillium notatum is 11mm, 14mm and 14mm at the concentration of 700 µg/disc, which is close to the standard Griseofulvin 19mm, 20mm, and 21mm respectively at 50 µg/disc concentration. Mucor hiemalis showed mild zone of inhibition in 300, 500, and 700 µg/disc (7mm). Brine Shrimp lethality bioassay method was used to test the lethality of the methanolic leaf extract. The extract showed significant cytotoxic activity against brine shrimp nauplii with LC50 value of 0.843 µg/mL when compared with the standard Vincristine sulphate (LC50 value: 0.608 µg/mL). Comparison with positive control Vincristine sulphate signifies that cytotoxicity exhibited by MECCL and further bioactivity guided investigation can be done to find potent antitumor compounds. In thrombolytic activity test, MECCL demonstrated 95.69% thrombolysis which was significant compared to standard Streptokinase (SK) which demonstrated 91.304 % thrombolysis. While doing membrane stabilizing activity test, Heat induced hemolysis assay was performed and the percent of protection was 85.35 compared to the standard DS 73.63 which was very significant. The results highlight the potential of Camellia chrysantha (Hu) Tuyama as a valuable source of phytochemicals that possess notable anti-inflammatory, thrombolytic, and membrane-stabilizing properties. The methanolic leaf extract also shows moderate antifungal and cytotoxic effects, suggesting potential for future therapeutic advancements.