Exploring the Nutritional, Functional, and Agronomic Potential of Mestha (Hibiscus cannabinus L.): An Underutilized Leafy Vegetable for Sustainable Food Systems

Abstract

Hibiscus cannabinus L. (Mestha) is an underutilized multipurpose crop of the Malvaceae family, traditionally cultivated for its bast fiber but increasingly recognized for its nutritional, medicinal, and industrial potential. The growing challenges of global food insecurity and climate change have renewed interest in resilient crops such as mestha, which thrives under diverse agroecological conditions and offers substantial nutritional and economic benefits. Mestha leaves and seeds are rich in proteins, minerals, vitamins, and bioactive compounds such as phenolics, flavonoids, and saponins, conferring antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective properties. The crop’s adaptability to low-input systems and high biomass productivity make it suitable for sustainable agriculture and bioresource utilization. Beyond fiber production, mestha serves as a leafy vegetable, functional food ingredient, and feed source, with emerging applications in nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Its lignocellulosic biomass also holds promise for bioenergy, bioplastics, and eco-friendly packaging. Despite these advantages, mestha remains underexploited due to limited awareness and research. Future research priorities include genetic improvement, value-added product development, and policy support to enhance commercialization. Promoting mestha as a food, feed, and industrial crop can contribute significantly to food security, climate resilience, and sustainable development.