Experimental Analysis of the Thermal Performance of a Solar Water Heater Storage Unit

Abstract

Solar thermal energy, particularly hot water production using solar water heaters, is one of the most promising solar energy applications in countries such as Burkina Faso. This study experimentally determined the efficiency of flat-plate solar collectors for solar water heaters. By selecting component materials and applying modeling and numerical methods, the parameters influencing system performance were identified and optimized. The results optimize system performance under the climatic conditions of Ouagadougou, particularly during the rainy season, when solar radiation is erratic and low in intensity, leading to increased hot water consumption. The experimental results demonstrate that while collector performance is affected by global radiation, it can be improved through the selection of component materials. Despite variable weather conditions, the flat-plate solar collector achieved an average yield of approximately 36% and a maximum instantaneous yield of 70% under conditions of maximum global solar radiation of 1101 W/m² and a maximum ambient temperature of 39.64°C. This study contributes to promoting the use of locally available materials; promoting local expertise in the field of hot water production; highlighting the effects of climate on the performance of solar water heaters; and responding to the challenges of electricity shortages and high costs in order to meet the need for domestic hot water in Burkina Faso.