Evaluation of the Performance of a Central Pivot in an Irrigation System in the Agricultural Unit of Borotou-Koro

Abstract

Background: The performance of an irrigation system is primarily determined by its capacity to ensure uniform water distribution across the irrigated area. This performance is commonly evaluated using the uniformity coefficient (UC), which serves as a key indicator of irrigation efficiency. Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the uniformity coefficient of a centre-pivot irrigation system in two sectors of the Borotou-Koro sugar complex. Study Area and Duration: The study was conducted at the Borotou-Koro Integrated Agricultural Unit, within the irrigation section, over the period from March to June 2024. Materials and Methods: The evaluation of irrigation uniformity was carried out using the Heermann and Hein method, based on the American standard ASAE/ANSI S436.1. This method involves estimating the volume of water collected in catch cans positioned at equal radial distances from the pivot. The collected volumes are then weighted according to the corresponding surface areas assigned to each collector, using a standardised equation. Results: The analysis of the collected data indicates that approximately 95% of the evaluated pivots exhibited either excellent or good uniformity coefficients, whereas less than 2% demonstrated poor performance. However, the results also highlight a lack of systematic inspection and maintenance practices, particularly regarding the timely detection of nozzle malfunctions. Discussion: The uniformity coefficient is a critical parameter for evaluating the performance of centre-pivot irrigation systems, as it directly influences the consistency of water application. This is particularly important for crops such as sugarcane, whose productivity is highly dependent on adequate and uniform water supply. Therefore, regular monitoring and maintenance of irrigation equipment are essential to sustain optimal system performance.