Evaluation of the Ameliorative Effects of Spirulina in Propylthiouracil Induced Hyperlipidaemia, Liver and Kidney Toxicity in Rats

Abstract

Background: Propylthiouracil (PTU) is a drug widely used in the management of hyperthyroidism. The drug was observed to cause hepatitis and fulminant liver failure.Spirulinais documented to exhibit several therapeutic effectsincluding hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and antioxidant activities. Objective: This study aimed to assess the nutritional value of Spirulina,and to examine its  ameliorative effects against PTU-induced hypothyroidism associated with hyperlipidemia, liver, and kidney toxicity in rats. Materials and Methods: This experiment was carried out on 50 rats (5 groups, n = 10). Hypothyroidism was induced in 40 ratsvia injecting 10 mg/kg/day PTUfor 6 weeks. Results: The results of this study showed that Spirulina contains 57.30 % of its dry weight proteins while it contains only 8.2% of its dry weight fats. It contains several minerals and vitamins (E and β-carotene).Spirulina increases the final body weight, food intake, and body weight gain % values compared to PTU rats. The Alga increased FT3 and FT4 levels, while decrease TSH level compared to PTU rats. Spirulina significantly decreased serum liver enzymes (ALT, AST, and ALP) and serum kidney function markers (creatinine and urea) compared to PTU rats. Besides, it reduced serum lipid profile markers (TC, TG, and LDL-C) and increased HDL-C. The Alga reduced the lipid peroxidation product and increased glutathione peroxidase concentrations. Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed the protective role of Spirulina versus PTU associated hypothyroidism, hyperlipidemia, hepatic, and nephrotoxicity. The antioxidant impact of Spirulina may elucidate its defensive effect against various PTU toxicities.