Evaluation of Antimicrobial Resistance, Biofilm Formation and Virulence Factors in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Recovered from Canine Pyoderma

Abstract

Background: Pyoderma is considered as one of the most frequently encountered dermatological disorders in dogs. Aim: The present investigation was carried out with an objective to isolate and identify Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, to evaluate their antibiogram patterns, to detect virulence genes and to evaluate biofilm formation in S. pseudintermedius isolated from canine pyoderma cases. Materials and Methods: The investigation was carried out on 104 skin swabs collected from clinical cases of canine pyoderma. Results: Through the conventional and Molecular methods 82 (78.84%) isolates were identified as Staphylococcus. Out of 82 isolates of Staphylococcus, 68 isolates were identified as S. pseudintermedius.In the present study higher percentage of susceptibility was observed for doxycycline (80.88%), levofloxacin (61.76%) and clindamycin (57.35%), while higher resistance was recorded against ampicillin (95.59%), amikacin (72.06%) and erythromycin (45.59%). In the present study, 46 (67.64%) isolates were identified as a Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) isolates.In the present study lukF, lukS, siet and seC virulence gene were targeted to detect their presence in S. pseudintermedius isolates through PCR. Out of the 68 S. pseudintermedius isolates lukF, lukS, siet and seC gene were detected in 63 (92.65%), 63 (92.65%), 65 (95.59%) and 8 (11.76%) isolates, respectively. In the present study micro titer plate assay was used to detect the biofilm formation in S. pseudintermedius isolates. Out of 68 S. pseudintermedius isolates, 46 (67.65%) were non biofilm former, 19 (27.94%) were weak biofilm former and 3 (4.41%) were moderate biofilm former. Molecular detection of biofilm gene was carried out through PCR by targeting icaA and icaD gene. Out of the 68 S. pseudintermedius isolates 46 (67.65%) were yielded 134 bp amplicon of icaA gene, while 45 (66.18%) were yielded 166 bp amplicon of icaD gene. Conclusion: Higher antibiotic resistance and more number of virulence genes detected in present study shows Staphylococcus pseudintermedius having a major public health concerns.