Evaluating Strategic SWOT Factors Influencing Consumer Adoption of Electric Vehicles Relative to Conventional Vehicles: A Study of Kozhikode City

Abstract

The rapid increase in greenhouse gas emissions and environmental degradation has intensified the need for sustainable transportation alternatives. Electric vehicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising solution to reduce carbon emissions, minimize air pollution, and promote sustainable mobility. This study examines the factors influencing the adoption of electric vehicles over conventional vehicles through a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis among consumers in Kozhikode City, Kerala. The research is analytical in nature and is based on primary data collected from 193 respondents using a structured questionnaire. Statistical tools such as factor analysis, multiple regression, reliability testing, and percentage analysis were employed for data interpretation. The findings reveal that a significant majority (73%) of respondents expressed willingness to purchase EVs.  Factor analysis identified four major dimensions influencing adoption: strengths (energy efficiency, reduced emissions, low maintenance cost), weaknesses (inadequate charging infrastructure, high battery replacement cost), opportunities (government incentives, expansion of charging networks, battery recycling), and threats (high acquisition cost, economic instability, raw material price escalation). The reliability and sampling adequacy tests confirmed the robustness of the analytical model. Regression results indicate that demographic factors, particularly age and occupation, significantly influence EV adoption, while gender, education, and income showed no statistically significant impact. The study concludes that strengths and opportunities outweigh weaknesses and threats in shaping consumer perception toward EV adoption. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, automobile manufacturers, and urban planners to design targeted strategies that enhance sustainable transportation adoption and support India’s transition toward green mobility.