Eradication of Malaria: Present Situations and New Strategies

Abstract

Malaria is a serious disease caused by the protozoon parasite Plasmodium and transmitted by the female Anopheles mosquito as a vector.  P. falciparum is the gravest infection for all other species P. ovale, P. vivax, P. Malariae and P. knowlesi in terms of morbidity or mortality, which is why most research focused on P. falciparum. The disease affects about 300-500 million people, mostly in the tropics. In regions with a weak economic downturn in tropical and subtropical capital, morbidity and mortality have elevated. Malaria remains a persistent threat in recent research. At the beginning of the 20th century, scientists tried to describe a successful way of eradicating malaria.  However, the presence of drug resistance and social and environmental problems, no acceptable and positive future solution has been pointed out. Several studies have highlighted the need to establish advanced nano-biotechnology treatment, novel anti-malarial drug targets, an efficient malaria vaccine technique, and Anopheles gene editing, which opened the door to a healthy, environmentally friendly malaria treatment method over the last two decades. In recent years, the use of mosquito microbiota has shown great potential for cutting down the transmission of mosquito-borne pathogens. This review aims to cover important issues in malarial eradication as rapid diagnostic technology, novel anti-malarial drug targets, Anopheles gene editing, use of mosquito microbiota, and recent vaccines.