Epidemiology and Management of Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia

Abstract

Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia is characterised by increased serum or plasma bilirubin (unconjugated) levels that exceed the laboratory's reference range. Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, is the most common cause of jaundice in newborns. Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia is caused by bilirubin metabolism dysregulation, which includes increased synthesis, reduced hepatic absorption, and decreased bilirubin conjugation. Gilbert syndrome (type 1 and 2), Crigler-Najjar syndromes (type 1 and 2), and hereditary illnesses producing hemolytic anaemia are all examples of inherited conditions that can cause unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Crigler-Najjar syndrome is a sporadic condition, Gilbert syndrome is more common yet less dangerous symptom. Using phototherapy and plasmapheresis, the major goal of treatment is to lower the amount of unconjugated bilirubin. Intensive phototherapy is the basis of management of Crigler-Najjar syndrome type 1. Combined with plasmapheresis and in some cases liver transplantation may be required.