Epidemiological and Clinical Profile of Covid-19 in Pregnant Women and Newborns

Abstract

COVID-19 is a respiratory disease. In around 85% of cases, it presents as flu-like symptoms, including fever, cough, sore throat, myalgia, adynamia, runny nose, and loss of smell and taste. However, approximately 15% of cases can progress to a severe form of the disease. Since the first reported case of neonatal COVID-19 in February 2020, concerns have been raised about the possibility of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2. The initial Chinese reports suggested that vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 does not occur. Samples of amniotic fluid, vaginal mucus, placenta, umbilical cord, cord blood and neonatal feces were negative for the virus. Understanding the possible routes of transmission from mother to newborn is crucial for preventing potential neonatal infections and developing appropriate guidelines for neonatal care. This study aims to describe the epidemiological and clinical profile of pregnant women and newborns with COVID-19, based on a narrative review of the literature. The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in pregnant women and newborns are primarily respiratory symptoms such as discomfort, dyspnea, and fever. Studies have shown that lethality and incidence are low in newborns without comorbidities, but high in mothers. Breastfeeding and rooming-in are recommended according to guidelines and published studies, with appropriate precautions taken. It is important to maintain objectivity and avoid biased language when discussing these findings.