Metabolic Profiling of the Oyster Spent Mushroom Substrate (SMS) Extract against Some Soil Borne Fungal Plant Pathogens

Abstract

Mushroom farming is environment-friendly, utilizing agricultural, poultry, and brewery residues. Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is a by-product after several mushroom cultivation cycles. SMS may contain beneficial microorganisms with potential antagonistic activity against phytopathogens. The use of oyster mushroom substrates has shown promising results in managing various plant diseases. This study explores the antimicrobial potential of water extracts from spent mushroom substrate (SMS) of various Pleurotus species, a byproduct of oyster mushroom cultivation. LCMS analysis identified several bioactive compounds with known antimicrobial properties: Pleurotus sajor-caju SMS contained 3-(o-chlorophenyl)-5-(ptolyloxymethyl)-2-oxazolidone; Pleurotus sapidus SMS revealed the presence of Cichoriin, Ethiin, and Cafestol palmitate; while Pleurotus ostreatus SMS showed Bronopol and Daphnetin-8-glucoside. These findings demonstrate the presence of natural antimicrobial agents in Oyster mushroom SMS, suggesting its potential as an eco-friendly, sustainable alternative for managing soil-borne fungal plant pathogens. This approach not only supports environmental sustainability but also adds value to agricultural waste through its application in plant disease management.