Environmental Impact of Cassava Processing Activities in South West Nigeria

Abstract

Aims: This study assessed the carbon emissions from cassava processing practices (garri, fufu, pupuru) in South West Nigeria, with a focus on energy sources used and their environmental impacts. Study Design:  A multi-stage sampling procedure was used. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the South West region of Nigeria Methodology: Data were collected through a structured interview schedule from 270 cassava processors. The carbon footprint was estimated using the Simple Online Carbon Calculator developed by the National Energy Foundation. Results: All (100%) respondents used firewood due to affordability and accessibility. Garri processing emerged as the most carbon-intensive, emitting a total of 2,908,436kg CO₂e, primarily from firewood use during frying. This translates to 6,343.13 kg CO₂e per kilogram of garri. Fufu followed with 1,030,913 kg CO₂e (1,555.66 kg CO₂e/kg) and pupuru was the least polluting at 220,613 kg CO₂e (986.50 kg CO₂e/kg). Conclusion: Cassava processing, particularly garri frying, contributes heavily to carbon emissions and environmental degradation in South West Nigeria. There is an urgent need to address the unsustainable reliance on firewood and fossil fuels. Adoption of renewable energy technologies such as solar, gas fryers), government incentives for clean energy, and enhanced extension education on sustainable practices are imperative. Targeted interventions will support Nigeria’s climate commitments while ensuring food and livelihood security.