Energy, Exergy and Environmental Compatibility Analyses of LPG and Household Kerosene Utilisations as Domestic Fuels in Nigeria: 1980 – 2019

Abstract

Household kerosene and Liquefied Petroleum Gas form the bulk of domestic fuels, especially in Nigerian urban areas. Data on both fuels, from 1980 to 2019, were collected, mainly from Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation sources. Energy, exergy and environmental compatibility analyses were carried out on the utilisation of LPG for cooking, and household kerosene for both cooking and lighting. Kerosene lighting, with 0.05% energy efficiency and 0.045% exergy efficiency, was extremely poor. Cooking, with different mixes of both fuels, yielded energy efficiencies ranging from 35.04% to 44.54%. Corresponding exergy efficiencies were from 7.75% to 9.98%. Associated environmental compatibility factors were from 0.71749 to 0.73945. Overall process energy efficiencies, involving both cooking and lighting, were from 4.05% to 34.19%. Corresponding exergy efficiencies were from 0.93% to 7.61%. Overall environmental compatibility factors ranged from 0.71746 to 0.73259. Energy and exergy efficiencies, as well as environmental compatibility factors, increased directly with increase in LPG utilisation in the fuel-mix.