Emerging Role of Zinc Transporter-8 Autoantibodies (ZnT8A) in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus- A Review

Abstract

Zinc, an important micronutrient for the storage, structural stabilization, secretion and action of insulin, is present in highest concentration in pancreas. The transport of zinc occurs through the zinc transporter-8 (ZnT8) to the insulin secretory vesicles. Zinc Transporter-8 Autoantibodies (ZnT8A) has been found to be associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Recently it is recognized as a new autoantigen in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) and its autoantibodies have been found in 50-60% of individuals with T1DM. Moreover, ZnT8A exhibit humoral auto reactivity which is not displayed by any of the other islet autoantigen like glutamine decarboxylase (GAD), insulin or tyrosine phosphate-related molecules (IA-2). Immunity against ZnT8 is dependent on clinical characteristics, which may provide evidence for early recognition highlighting the importance of this transporter in the pathogenesis of T1DM. Information regarding this article was retrieved through PubMed, Google Scholar and other search engines available in the University by using the keywords zinc, ZnT, ZnT8, SLC30A8 (Solute carrier 30 member 8) and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Information was gathered through original researches, reviews and epidemiological studies published up to August 2019.The aim of this review is to summarize the emerging role of ZnT8A in diagnosis and understanding the genetic basis of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.