Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Medicinal Plants Found in the Vicinity of Quarry Site in Demsa, Adamawa State, Nigeria

Abstract

The preliminary phytochemical screening of bioactive constituents of ethanolic leaves extracts of Anogeissus leiocarpus, Bauhinia reticulata, Prosopis oblonga, Sterculiar tomentosa and Tamarindus indica was carried out. Saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, tannins, volatile oils, glycoside and steroids were found in all samples of the plants from the study area. Glycoside however was not found in A. leiocarpus from the study site but present in samples from the control area. It was also absent in B. reticulata and T. indica from control area. Alkaloids content has highest value in P. oblonga with 31.2% and 4.8% lower in A. leiocarpus in the quarry site. Also,         P. oblonga showed the highest value of alkaloids 28.0% while B. reticulata has the least value of 7.6% in the control sample. Flavonoids content is higher in P. oblonga sample with the value of 46.8% while A. leiocarpus has the least value of 10.8% in the quarry site. Also, P. oblonga sample has the higher value of 37.6% while B. reticulata has the least value of 21.6% in the control sample. Saponin content is higher in B. reticulata with 39.6% while P.  oblonga has the least value of 22.0% in the quarry site. Also, T. indica has the highest value of 40.8% while A. leiocarpus with least value of 12.0% in the control site. Tannins content is higher with value of 0.09% in                       P. oblonga and B. reticulata respectively while S. tomentosa has the least value of 0.01% in the quarry sample. Also T. indica has the highest value of 0.10% while B. reticulata has the least value of 0.01% in the control sample. Phenols content is higher in P. oblonga with value of 0.42% while T. indica has the least value of 0.09% in quarry samples. Also A. leiocarpus has the highest value of 0.44% while B. reticulata has the least value of 0.02% in the control sample.