Effectiveness of Ecofriendly Control Measures against Fruitfly (Bactrocera cucurbitae) Infestation in Sponge Gourd (Luffa cylindrica L.)

Abstract

The melon fruit fly Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera, Tephricidae) is widely distributed in the tropical, subtropical and temperate regions of the world. Fruit fly infestation poses a significant challenge in cucurbit production, leading to reduced fruit quality and substantial yield losses. The extent of losses may vary from 30 to 100 % depending upon the season and the cucurbit species. This study assesses the efficacy of two eco-friendly fruit fly management techniques ethyl alcohol-based traps (TO1) and the bait application technique (TO2) in comparison with conventional pesticide use (FP) among farmers. The research was conducted through seven on-farm trials in sponge gourd (Kashi Rakshita) cultivation under summer conditions. Results revealed that TO1 significantly reduced fruit infestation (13.84%) and maggot density (8.35 per fruit), resulting in the highest yield (236.5 t/ha) and economic benefits (B:C ratio of 2.93). TO2 also proved effective, with reduced fruit infestation (16.97%) and improved yield (222.0 t/ha; B:C ratio 2.71) compared to FP. The study underscores the importance of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies in enhancing cucurbit productivity and economic viability while promoting sustainable agricultural practices. The use of ecofriendly methods not only enhances soil fertility and microbial activity, but also ensures non-hazardous pest management tactics in long term sustainable farming. Nevertheless, these methods are safer and sustainable but also paves a path towards improved soil microbial activity, biodiversity and healthier crop production.